Saltwater Fishing University

In the past 5 Years

I have fished with countless people, on countless trips…I wanted to take all of the info that I have learned and put it into a nice package!! In this course you will find videos, and tons of written info about everything from bait to knots including how to catch damn close to every species of fish! I present to you - Saltwater Fishing University!

Welcome to Saltwater Fishing University! Grab a snack and get ready to dive into the whole world of Saltwater Fishing where I give you all the tips and tricks that I use on a daily basis to put my clients on fish, day in and and day out!

Who I am and What this Course is About

I am Captain Phil Rugari - I am a full time guide on the west coast of Florida and specialize in inshore and nearshore fishing. I spend many of my days off work fly fishing and offshore fishing on larger vessels. I have had the opportunity to catch almost every fish and have learned every step of the way. My goal with this course is to give an overview and detailed view on how to catch fish in almost any area you are in, how to find them and key in on what they are eating. After spending years of guiding on the west coast of Florida a few things became apparent to me. First - many people need more guidance on how to fish - even some of the the best fisherman I've had on my boat, don't necessarily understand the concepts of how to find or catch fish in saltwater. I have done many "consulting" trips where I take people out on their boat and teach them how to fish for certain species. I feel the knowledge I've gained over the years could be put to better use for not only my clients, but anyone who wants to catch fish in saltwater! In this course we will be covering inshore fishing, offshore fishing for bottom fish and trolling for pelagic fish.

Overview of Saltwater Fishing

Welcome to Saltwater Fishing University! In this lesson, we will be providing an overview of saltwater fishing. Saltwater fishing is a popular activity that can be done in many different locations around the world. It can be a great way to relax and enjoy the outdoors, as well as a great way to catch some delicious seafood. We will cover the basics of saltwater fishing, the different types of saltwater fishing, and the equipment you need to get started.

Saltwater fishing can be done from the shore or from a boat. When fishing from the shore, you will need to make sure you have the right type of bait and tackle for the type of fish you are trying to catch. I can't stress this enough - you need to have an idea of what's in the water you are fishing to target ONE species of fish. When you can narrow down your approach and understand what's in the water, your chances for success increase greatly. Lets take for example you are fishing for snappers using light tackle. In this instance you would be using 20lb Flourocarbon leader and a small 1/0 - 2/0 hook. There are times when you will be fishing and may not know a different species is in the area and you may see it fit to target that new species you have noticed. If you didn't know there were a ton of Spanish mackerel swimming around, you would wonder why you just keep getting cut off and think man these snapper are vicious, when all along its the Spanish mackerels teeth cutting you off. In this case you would want to switch to a long shank J hook to start landing some mackerel. It is important to know what is necessary for different species of fish, be prepared for many species and also be willing to adjust. Just because you desire to catch snapper doesn't mean you will, but there may be some other fish there to have fun with as well. Understanding the water you are fishing and what's around can make or break your day. In this course we will dig deep into these species of fish - how to fish for each one of them and make sure you have the gear necessary to match up to the fish you are targeting.

When fishing from a boat, you will need to make sure you have the right type of boat, the right type of motor, and the right type of accessories on your boat. Almost every time I've had a consulting trip the first thing I ask is: "Do you have a trolling motor?". If the answer is no, I kindly tell them we are already behind the 8 ball and trying to catch fish without an effective anchoring system such as "Spot Lock" is just not giving us a fair chance. With all the currents and situations you can get in while fishing, certain tools are going to be indispensable to you. While you can "get by" without them, it is just wasting your time on the water and lowering your chances of having a successful day. You will also need to make sure you have the right type of bait and lures for the type of fish you are trying to catch. The main thing is understanding what you are targeting and where to go to find it, combine that knowledge with what those fish are looking to eat at the time of year you are in, and those are the keys to finding and catching more fish.

Saltwater fishing can be a great way to relax and enjoy the outdoors. It is important to make sure you have the right type of equipment and bait for the type of fish you are trying to catch. With the right knowledge and preparation, you can have a successful and enjoyable saltwater fishing experience.

Saltwater fishing can be done from the shore or from a boat.
You will need to make sure you have the right type of bait and tackle for the type of fish you are trying to catch.
It is important to make sure you have the right type of equipment for the type of fish you are trying to catch.

Types of Saltwater Fishing

Welcome to Saltwater Fishing University! In this lesson, we will be discussing the different types of saltwater fishing. In this lesson, we will explore the different types of saltwater fishing and the techniques used to catch them.

Saltwater fishing can be divided into two main categories: inshore and offshore. Inshore fishing is done in shallow waters, usually near the shoreline. It is a great way to catch fish such as snapper, speckled sea trout, snook, tarpon and redfish. Offshore fishing is done in deeper waters, usually further away from the shoreline. While this simple inshore/offshore distinction may sound simple its much more vague than that. On the west coast of Florida, in some parts of the state it may take 40+miles to hit 100ft of water. On the East coast of Florida you may be in 100ft in just 3-5 miles. On the West coast, I personally wouldn't consider "offshore" until I was 15-20 miles out, but the east coast 2-3 miles may get you some tuna, mahi and other pelagic species. Knowing the water and area you are fishing is so important and necessary to catching the fish you are after. I can't tell you how many times people ask if we can catch a Blue Marlin today..... let me get this straight in 30ft of water, 8 miles off the west coast of Florida we are going blue marlin fishing?? NO. It just shows a gross misunderstanding of what is going on. Before you hire a guide or put your boat in the water, I would HIGHLY recommend you do your research to find out what fish are in the area, what you are targeting, what the guide is comfortable targeting (TIME OF YEAR) this will grossly help your expectations and your planning of tackle/ gear. Being offshore is a great way to catch fish such as tuna, bigger snappers, groupers, mahi, and sailfish. Different techniques are used for each type of saltwater fishing. As we cover the different species of fish, we will note where these species can be found and what techniques and baits can be used to catch them.

Along with inshore/offshore fishing we can add to those categories and put in, artificial lure fishing and fly fishing on BOTH. Yes fly fishing can be done offshore and we will cover that in this course. Every fish you can catch with bait can be caught with lures as well. With that being said, it is much harder to catch these fish on lures, however it can lead to a much more rewarding experience. Even further so can be said about fly fishing. With the right amount of chumming and time put in, I would imagine you could catch almost every species on fly as well...outside of deep dropping for certain groupers, swordfish and others that only lurk deep in the oceans.

In this lesson, we discussed the different types of saltwater fishing. We explored the different types of saltwater fishing and the techniques used to catch them. Now that you have a better understanding of saltwater fishing, you can start planning your next fishing trip!

Saltwater fishing can be divided into two main categories: inshore and offshore.
Inshore fishing is done in shallow waters, usually near the shoreline.
Offshore fishing is done in deeper waters, usually further away from the shoreline.
All fish caught on bait can be caught on lure as well.
Fly fishing is not only possible but the biggest challenge with the biggest reward of all saltwater fishing.

Safety Tips for Saltwater Fishing

Welcome to Saltwater Fishing University! In this lesson, we will be discussing safety tips for saltwater fishing. Fishing in saltwater can be a fun and rewarding experience, but it is important to know the safety risks and precautions to take before heading out. Knowing the safety tips can help ensure a safe and enjoyable experience for everyone.

When fishing in saltwater, it is important to be aware of the weather and the tide. Before heading out, check the weather forecast and make sure the conditions are safe. Using reliable apps such as "Windfinder", "My Radar" and "Tides" can be indispensable to the salt water angler. These apps provide a wealth of information, not only to keep you safe but to help you find fish. Lets say you watch the weather the night before your trip and everything looks good for the next morning. You wake up and are so excited you just leave and don't look at the weather in the morning. You head down to the dock, launch your boat, but forgot to check the tide, and its a "negative low". This means the tide is VERY VERY low, you run aground on your way out of the bay and your day is over. Or lets say you put your boat in but didn't check the marine wave forecast in the morning. You head to the inlet or pass and drive into 3-4ft stacked seas. Your day is over and you turn around to go home, wasting time and money because you didn't do your homework. Apps like these are something that I look at before I get out of bed in the morning to make sure everyone is going to be safe and have a good time. We will discuss tides more in depth as we go through the course, but understating your local tide will make you a much better fisherman. When fishing in saltwater, it is important to wear the proper safety gear, such as a life jacket, fire extinguisher, EPIRB, First Aid Kit, Sound Signaling device and to be aware of the potential dangers, such as strong currents, rocky points or shallow areas. If you are unsure what is required or recommended in your area, call your local Coast Guard station or wildlife officer to do a "Safety Inspection". They will let you know what you are missing and if you pass will give you a sticker for your boat that will prevent unwanted boardings from officers that just want to "Safety Check" your vessel.

In conclusion, saltwater fishing can be a fun and rewarding experience, but it is important to know the safety risks and precautions to take before heading out. By following the safety tips discussed in this lesson, you can ensure a safe and enjoyable experience for everyone. Thank you for joining us at Saltwater Fishing University!

Check the weather forecast and plan your fishing trip around the tide.
Wear the proper safety gear, such as a life jacket.
Take in any information you can to help you anticipate unforeseen dangers.
Be aware of potential dangers, such as strong currents, rocky points and unexpected weather.

Saltwater Fishing Gear

In this lesson, we will be discussing the essential gear needed for saltwater fishing. From rods and reels to bait and tackle, we will cover all of the basics that you need to get started. Let's dive in!

When it comes to saltwater fishing, there are a few pieces of gear that are essential for success. First, you'll need a good rod and reel that pairs with the type of fish you are looking to target. We can break these down into a few categories that make it easier to wrap your head around.

For most inshore and nearshore fishing a light action set up such as a St. Croix 7ft Medium power avid inshore rod that is Fast action will suffice. These rods are very light weight and sensitive. I pair these rods with a 3000 series reel such as a Shimano Stradic. This pairing has caught hundreds if not thousands of redfish, snook, trout, sharks, smaller Tarpon, Jacks, Triple Tail, and probably tens of thousands of snappers. While most may pick up a set up like this and feel like its "too light" it simply isn't for most fishing. We have landed many 40 inch snook, pulled multiple 35+ redfish out of the mangroves and they are my tried and true battle tested set ups. These set ups go out with me every day. These rods are spooled with 15lb braid.

Now we can move up to heavy inshore/ light offshore spinning tackle. This segment will allow for a crossover and can handle keeper size grouper, bigger snappers, king mackerel, 100+lb tarpon and big snook, or snook that are in structure. For this group I key in on a 6000 series reel, such as the Shimano Saragossa (or similar) and a St. Croix Heavy action Avid inshore rod. Rod should be minimum 7ft, up to 8ft and be fast action. These rods are spooled with 30lb braid. Should you feel as though these aren't enough for the tarpon or bigger grouper you are chasing you can upgrade to a 8ft St. Croix Legend Tournament rod, heavy action, and use an 8000 series reel such as a Shimano Saragossa. This set up would be used up to 200lb tarpon, 50lb groupers, big inshore snook around Jupiter and Stuart Florida. These rods are stiff and have unrivaled lifting power when it comes to spinning tackle. These would be spooled with 50lb braided line.

When we move up to the game of offshore fishing the gear changes from spinning reels to conventional reels. First lets look at bottom fishing for groupers and snappers. Reels for these fish can be either lever or star drag. A good example of a star drag reel to handle big fish is the Shimano Torium 20HG. When it comes to lever drag, the Shimano Speedmaster is an excellent option. Both of these reels handle 50lb braided main line very well and you can add a "top shot" of 80-100lb monofilament for added strength. Rods should be something similar to the St. Croix Mojo Salt heavy power, fast action. Some of this is personal preference but as long as you are in the same class of rod and reel, you have enough lifting power for most bottom species of fish. Trolling would be where the game needs to be changed a bit, we would look for something a bit shorter for the rod in the heavy action range with a larger line capacity such as a Shimano TLD 2 speed. This gives you the flexibility to troll heavy lures that dive deep at high speeds. When you do this you may encounter some larger fish and will need the additional line capacity to let the fish run.

Now that we have covered rods and reels, lets take a look at fishing line, leader and hooks. For line, many of the braided lines on the market are very good. Ive tried almost all of them and can tell you that power pro and beyond braid are near the top of my list, but anything from any other manufacture will perform just as well. The same cannot be said about leader material. For the majority of fishing I use Seaguar inshore fluorocarbon. This is because it offers a great bang for the buck and comes in 100yrd spools. Other Seaguar products can be better but the cost increases. When I look at a no holds bar approach to fishing (tournament fishing) I would use Seaguar Green Label or Blue label. You only get 30yrds to a spool but the quality is through the roof. For most inshore fishing 5-8ft of leader is adequate.

Hooks are not created equal. Inshore fishing I prefer the Owner MUTU light circle 1/0 hook. When dead bait fishing for redfish I would opt for a 2/0 or 3/0 to prevent the fish from gutting the hook. Sizing your hook to your bait will be the key, the smaller the hook the better off you will be. The best snook fisherman I've ever seen uses Owner number 2 mosquito hooks, so the snook don't see them. Granted he fishes from the beach and there is no structure for the fish to break him off on, it simply works. When fishing for tarpon or bigger snook you will need to move up to a larger hook such as a Mustad 5/0 deamon perfect circle. Other quality hooks would include VMC inline circle and Gamakatsu makes excellent hooks as well for offshore fishing. Look for 5/0-8/0 depending on size of bait and targeted fish. I see many many people using way to large of hooks thinking they are going to hook into a big one. This is just not necessary and is preventing you from catching more fish. In fact, if you look at hooks, I would rather have something with a smaller wire diameter which will help penetrate the fishes mouth deeper allowing you a better chance at landing that fish. If you have ever seen Tarpon flys you will see that it is easily possible to get a 125lb fish to eat a 1/0 hook and it will stick for hours into a fight. We discuss knots in a different section of this course.

As for weights, we need to look at size 3 and 4 split shots for inshore and nearshore fishing, 1/0oz lead and 3-6oz lead for offshore bottom fishing. If you plan on fishing for swordfish or deep dropping (over 200ft) you may need weights over 1lb to get your baits down faster. If you are trolling plugs deep you will need a variety of trolling lead depending on how deep you are trying to get your lures and how fast you plan on trolling. For Wahoo you may troll a 36oz lead... but that is overkill in most instances.

For the most part this covers live and dead bait fishing. For lures the same basic line, rods and reels apply. In a later section we will discuss lures in depth.

Now that you know the essential gear for saltwater fishing, you're ready to hit the water! Remember to always practice safe fishing, and have fun! Good luck!

A good rod and reel is essential for saltwater fishing
You'll need a variety of bait and tackle
A good tackle box is necessary for storing your gear

Inshore & Offshore Rigs & Necessary Knots

When it comes to inshore fishing, rigs are pretty straight forward with little modification to achieve desired results. The main item to consider is the size of your leader material vs the area you are fishing and the fish you are targeting. If you are fishing near a dock for snook or redfish you may want to size up to 30-40lb leader. Now if you are fishing the beach on crystal clear conditions, going down to 12 or 15lb leader may be necessary. For most fishing 20-25lb leader is idea inshore and that should be your starting point. If you find that the water is clear and you aren't getting many bites or the area you are fishing in is pressured, go down to 20lb and work with that. In the very least you will get bites and it will be a challenge to boat fish versus not getting bites at all. For all of fishing that is a great mentality to have - do what you need to do to get the bite. Our basic rig is is braided main line tied with your choice of line to leader knot and 5-7ft of fluorocarbon leader. DO NOT USE MONOFILAMENT! The fish can see it. From there my go to is a 1/0 Owner MUTU Light wire circle hook. Add a #3 or #4 split shot and you are ready to dead bait, drift fish or cast live green backs to snook reds and trout. Move to trout fishing and all we have to add is a "Fish Strike Indicator" AKA Bobber. Put the bobber 2-3ft deep and you are rigged. Now in some parts of the state of Florida and around GA/SC/LA they love their popping corks and clacker rigs. See video for explanation of those particular rigs.

There are a couple basic knots to learn that will help you make quick work of rigging. If you want to go as simple as can be learn the Uni knot. This knot can be used as a "double uni" to tie line to leader material and the single version the "uni" can be used to tie leader to a hook. One knot can do it all. The downfalls of the double uni is that its strength isn't as strong as others. Also when using the uni knot it doesn't allow bait our lure to move freely on the hook. Now if you are looking for a quick no-nonsense knot, this is the way to go.

The next knot for line to leader would be the FG knot. This knot has the highest strength of any knot out there. Its biggest downfall is that if not done perfectly it will fail while you are fighting a fish. It also goes through he guides on your rods very easy.

The loop knot used to tie leader to hook or lure is indispensable. This knot has excellent strength and allows your bait to move freely and look more natural.

The bowline knot is another form of the loop knot with a little less fuss. This knot is excellent as well and really doesn't have any downfalls.

Last knot would be the snell. When targeting larger species of fish and you want to leave no doubt to knot strength this is where you want to be.

If you can practice and ace these knots, you will have all the knots you need in your bag of tricks to catch almost any fish.

OFFSHORE RIGS

Offshore rigs can vary greatly from one boat to the next but there are some basics that we look at to give us a starting point and the one thing I can promise you is that these rigs PUT FISH IN THE BOAT! We will start with bottom rigs used for snapper and grouper fishing. The most basic and useful rig is the Knocker rig. This is basically just a hook and a weight. Now some people like to put a bead in between the hook and weight to make sure the weight doesn't break the knot but for the most part its not necessary. The second rig is the Carolina rig. This rig is primarily used for big snappers and big grouper fishing. This is where you put your weight on your main line, tie a swivel to it and then have a 2-4ft leader with a hook. Other rigs we describe and teach in video will be the single and double chicken rigs. While there are critics of the chicken rig, I can tell you without any reasonable doubt, it catches more fish than any other two rigs combined. Learn to love it because it just works. When fishing offshore it can be beneficial to use a "top shot" or longer leader of either flourocarbon or monofilament. On my rigs for grouper and snapper I use 20-30yd of monofilament that goes to a Carolina rig with fluorocarbon leader from the swivel. This may be only 2-4ft of leader, but that's all that's needed.

Saltwater Baits

In this section of Saltwater Fishing University we will discuss the types of bait that are out there and what they can be used for. In a separate section we will discuss the ways of presenting these baits to fish so you maximize your time on the water. It is important that if you choose to bait fish that you understand how to catch each one of these for success. The best fisherman go out with a good selection of bait daily, some days the fish may want one bait and the next it may not work at all, so having a selection is always a good idea.

We will start at the top of the list of bait - the Pilchard. Other names for Pilchards are: Greenbacks, greenies, whitebait, or scaled sardine. These are the number one bait for fisherman in and around Florida, as most predatory fish eat these on a regular basis. Pilchards can be found on grass flats ranging from 2ft -4ft deep, around bridges or other structures, to out in open water. The area you fish will dictate where these baits are hiding. Easiest way, is if you have a bridge near your area, check all pilings for bait, they can be cast netted or caught using a sabiki rig. You have to be careful where you cast net so you don't get your net stuck on the bottom. Some bait shops also carry these baits, but be ready to pay for them, since they are the best. The bridges, most of the time, will hold these baits before sunrise. Some will hold them after sunrise. If you can't find them on bridges or the sun comes up too early, then find a grass flat in your area and start a chum slick. Preferred chum is Purina Tropical Fish food. This can be found in a 50lb bag from your local feed store for $40-$50. I take mine and portion it into zip lock bags and keep those bags in buckets covered with a lid. This food attracts, flies, maggots and rodents, so keeping it covered and sealed will prevent any pests from hanging out around your house. When chumming up bait, you want to go slow. Pour dry chum into a small bucket and add some water to create a very thick paste. Then take that paste and make a ball the size of a quarter. Now you need to judge wind and current to decide where your chum is going to go, and where you will be able to throw your cast net. This is where things get tricky, sometimes the current is against the wind and makes chumming bait very difficult, throwing a cast net into the wind can be almost impossible. Once you plan your boat position, start chumming. I would say one ball every 10-15 seconds, keeping the ball close to your boat if you have a lot of current and further from the boat if the conditions are calm. You should have a fair amount of patience here - the first fish to arrive will be pinfish most likely. They will be tearing up your chum, which is fine because the pilchards will find the slick. Sometimes pilchards show up in 5 minutes, sometimes it takes a bit longer, say 10-15 minutes. If after 15 minutes of chumming you don't see any pilchards, I would recommend a blind throw of the cast net, then move on to another area that may hold bait. Care for your bait is also important, make sure you have your live well already running and full before you start chumming.

Next bait is Pinfish. Pinfish are a very versatile bait that catches anything from Grouper, to snook, to redfish and even some trout. Pinfish are usually very plentiful up and down the west coast of Florida and can be caught fairly easily in many ways. First is while chumming for whitebait pinfish will show up in your chum slick. Usually you catch plenty while chumming, but lets say you want to go grouper fishing with pinfish and you don't want to throw your cast net, you are in luck! Purchasing a bait trap from your local supplier or amazon and you can have all the pinfish you want. With you bait trap, throw some dead fish in there such as sardines, or thread fin purchased frozen from your local bait shop, you can find an area 3-5ft deep with grass and there will be pinfish there. Also you can find water as deep as 30ft with a hard bottom and there will be pinfish there as well. So if you are primarily an offshore fisherman, setting your traps out a little deeper in that 20-30ft range will produce good baits. Inshore you can also Sabiki pinfish around bridges and docks. Pinfish make great fresh cut bait for redfish and lazy mangrove snook as well.

Another excellent bait, although rather fragile, is the Threadfin. These may be called thredies, or threads. They are similar to the pilchard in some ways, appearance may be close, but they are different in many ways. First they die very easily if not supplied with enough water flow. These baits also loose their scales when cast netted very quickly, as they loose their scales in your live well, they breathe them in which causes them to die. So if you are catching these baits, I would highly recommend not over stuffing your live well with them. Also if you are out for a longer day, partially draining your live well to evacuate as many as the scales as you can mid day is an excellent tip to keep them healthy. Some days you may go out and only get threadfin, and while that may seem like a curse to some, it isn't. They can be used as cut bait or whole live bait. Shoot some of the best red grouper fisherman I know use dead thread fin and are wildly successful with them. You can catch snook, reds, trout, triple tail, Cobia etc... on these guys with ease. Not to mention King Mackerel love them. They can be found day and night around bridges or other areas with moving water. Summer time there will be less of them, but as we move to fall or spring they show up in great numbers along the beaches, around passes or inlets and in bays around the state of Florida. Look for birds diving to find these guys and other baits in the area.

The next bait we are going to talk about is Shrimp. This is probably the most underrated bait in the saltwater fishing community. I cannot stress this enough - EVERYTHING EATS SHRIMP - and I've heard a thousand times "we need bigger bait" well let me tell you a secret, elephants eat peanuts. Shrimp are mostly a purchased product, however there are parts of Georgia, and the Carolinas where you can cast net your own shrimp, but for the state of Florida its all purchased. I'll go over the finer points of shrimp in the video, but there are a multitude of ways to hook and fish with a shrimp. I would say almost none of them are wrong, but some are better than others.

Sardines are a fish that can be found offshore around the coast of Florida and in many saltwater environments. They are mostly caught on sabiki rig and found by locating birds offshore. If your boat is equipped with a radar, you can more easily locate birds with it on a calm day, which may point you in the direction of this bait. This may also point you in the direction of some pelagic fish such as bonita that could be feeding on sardines. Using this opportunity to catch a bonita that can be used as cut bait as well could make for a rather successful day. Stay as far away from the school of sardines as possible and cast your sabiki rig as far as you can. This will allow for the rig to pendulum down to the bait and you should be able to get a few of them every cast. Fresh sardines are some of the best offshore baits you can get and can catch everything from tuna, sailfish, wahoo, grouper, snappers, mahi etc...

Croakers are an east coast of Florida snook candy bait. Using a sabiki rig or cast net around bridges near inlets is the name of the game here. While they can be fragile as well, snook will slurp these bad boys right up given the opportunity. Pro tip here would be to tip your sabiki rig with a small piece of shrimp to get the bite.

Next comes the venerable pass crab. Pass crabs are known for showing up on the larger tides on the west coast of Florida in the passes to the Gulf of Mexico. Tarpon, Permitt and many other fish love a lively pass crab. Best bet for catching these bad boys is going out at night on the beginning of an outgoing hill tide or larger tide. They will begin to flush an hour or so into the outgoing tide and using a long handled bait net, or crab net you can scoop a number of them in a couple of hours. Try to keep them alive at a dock in a bait pen and you will have some of the best tarpon baits you can get. Local bait shops also sell these but be ready to pay anywhere from 3-$5 a crab.

Ballyhoo are found on the coastal waters in the southern part of Florida. There are a couple of ways of catching them but it can be hard so putting some time in to perfect your methods will be the name of the game. First you need a "ballyhoop" its a net that sits under the water a couple of feet deep. Then you want to chum them up to the surface using a mixture of the tropical fish food, menhaden oil and possibly some oats, wet cat food, and sand. Once they are above your net just lift the net up and boom! You have ballyhoo. They can be used for Tarpon, Mutton Snappers, trolled behind the boat for Sailfish or smaller marlins, Mahi, etc... the list goes on. While they are the most difficult to catch live, they also make on of the best baits. You can purchase them frozen as well and rig them for trolling or cut them for mutton snappers on the reefs in the keys.

While there are a multitude of other baits that can be used, for all intents and purposes the list above summarizes the most important ones. There are thousands of ways to catch fish - in this course I have done my best to point you in the right direction to get started and have success. If you want to be a tournament angler, yes there are other baits that will work better depending on the situation, but for the purposes of this course, this list is all you need.

Catching Bait

Learning to use the cast net well is an art that takes a ton of patience and a ton of practice. While most pros can throw a cast net well because of hours of practice and failures daily, it takes some technique to make this a reality. I see far too many people purchasing cheap 5,6 and 8ft cast nets that just will not do you any good. Unfortunately cast nets are expensive but the amount of bait they catch can actually save you money in the long run. Depending on what size bait you are targeting and how deep the water is will depend on what size and weight cast net you purchase. You should look for something in the 10-14ft range with the larger sizes being much harder to throw. Next is mesh size, it ranges from 1/4 inch mesh for smaller baits all the way up to 1 inch mesh for mullet. Last you have lb per ft of cast net size. This dictates how many pounds in lead are used per ft of circumference on your net. If you are throwing your net in shallow water you want as few lb ft as you can get, but if you are trying to get your net to sink in 15ft of water, you want to go heavier. The balance to all this is what you as a person can handle and effectively throw. I have personally had 3 shoulder surgeries so I throw a pretty light net and deal with the consequences of not being able to throw in deeper water. I throw a 12ft, 1/4 inch mesh net. I can open this net well and if I need to throw in deep water I rely on my ability to open he net and plan where the bait will be after my net hits the water vs where the bait is before I throw. In the videos below I go over the basics to throwing a cast net and what you should look for in your cast net purchase.

A sabiki rig is a line of monofilament fishing line with multiple gold hooks attached to it that are shrouded in a pice of fish skin that is usually shiny. These hooks are extremely sharp and highly effective at catching smaller baits. You can use them in deeper water, you can cast them far ways away from your boat or land, you can use them from piers or docks and catch bait with them. In fact, many kids love fishing with sabiki rigs because they can catch more than one fish at a time! Using the Sabiki rig is a highly effective way to catch bait. There are a few key points to sabiki rigs that need to be taken into consideration when deciding to go this route for bait. First - catching a lot of bait with this rig is not realistic. If you can catch 2 or 3 per drop you have made excellent progress. It can be very time consuming should you not be successful with it. Now on the opposite end of this, sabiki rigs don't beat up the bait like cast nets do, so you will have friskier baits which will help catch more fish. If you are attempting to catch thread fin with the sabiki you will be much more successful at keeping them alive, the scales don't fall off as easy. Some days you want to catch one or two quality fish vs quantity, this is where the sabiki rig will come in handy. The other downfall to them is how easily they get tangled. These can just be one big mess, but with a couple of tips I'll share in the video you can make your sabiki experience much better.

Types of Saltwater Fish

Inshore Species

In this portion of Saltwater Fishing University we are going to cover the meat and potatoes of the course. This is where the real info is, what these fish eat, how to target them and whats needed to do so. We will talk about situations with each fish and what you need to do to be successful on the water. Im going to dive right in here and begin discussing each species.

Catching speckled sea trout, also known as spotted sea trout or simply "specks," can be an enjoyable and rewarding fishing experience. These fish are popular among anglers due to their strong fighting abilities and delicious taste. Here are some tips on how to catch speckled sea trout:

Speckled sea trout are found in coastal areas, estuaries, bays, and tidal creeks, particularly in the southeastern United States and the Gulf of Mexico. Look for shallow grassy flats, oyster beds, submerged structures, and areas with clear water and plenty of baitfish.
Speckled sea trout are opportunistic feeders and will eat a variety of baits and lures. Live shrimp, finger mullet, pilchards, and small pinfish are excellent live baits. When using artificial lures, try soft plastic jerkbaits, paddle tails, shrimp imitations, and topwater plugs. Choose lures in colors that mimic local baitfish.
Speckled sea trout are more active during low-light periods, such as early morning, late afternoon, and overcast days. They may also become more active during tidal changes and when water temperatures are moderate.
If using live bait, rig it with a small circle hook or a treble hook under a popping cork to keep the bait off the bottom and in the strike zone. I would also recommend a small split shot between your float and your hook. This will help keep the bait down from the surface, away from any birds. When using artificial lures, work them with a twitching or jerking motion to mimic injured baitfish. Pay attention to the movement of your lure, as speckled sea trout may strike as it falls.

Redfish, also known as red drum, are popular game fish found in coastal waters and estuaries throughout the Gulf of Mexico and the southeastern Atlantic coast of the United States. Here are some tips to help you catch redfish:

Redfish are opportunistic feeders and will eat a variety of baits. Live or cut bait such as shrimp, mullet, pinfish, or menhaden are popular choices. You can also use artificial lures like soft plastics, spoons, or topwater lures.
Redfish are often found in shallow waters near marshes, grass flats, mangrove shorelines, oyster beds, and other structures. Look for them in areas with submerged vegetation and where there is plenty of food for them to feed on. Redfish love to put their heads in the grass and search out shrimp or crabs.
Redfish are known to be more active during tidal movements. They tend to feed more aggressively during incoming and outgoing tides, so plan your fishing trips accordingly. While there are some areas that low tides are better for reds, on the west coast of Florida I look for a higher tide that allows them to get into the mangrove bushes. This gives them comfort and an opportunity to feed. There are other areas of the southeast where these fish will only feed on low tides, because the bait will be more concentrated. Some areas you will look for "pot holes" or deeper areas in shallow grass flats where the redfish will sit and wait to ambush prey. Cast to the outsides of the pot holes as to not spook the fish.
Redfish can be skittish, especially in clear water. Approach your fishing spot quietly and avoid making loud noises that could scare them away.
When using live bait, let it move naturally with the current or wind. If you're using artificial lures, experiment with different retrieval techniques such as slow and steady, twitching, or pausing to see what triggers the fish. Most of the time a slow approach is the way to go when the fish are spread out. If you find schools of reds, they will fight over the bait, so a faster approach would be necessary.
Fishing requires patience, and redfish can sometimes be picky eaters. Don't get discouraged if you don't catch one right away. Keep trying different techniques and locations until you find what works best.

Snook are popular game fish known for their strong fights and acrobatic jumps. To increase your chances of catching snook, consider the following tips:

Snook are more active during certain times of the day. Early morning and late afternoon to evening are generally the best times to target snook, especially during the warmer months.
Snook are often found in shallow coastal waters, including inlets, passes, mangroves, and grass flats. They prefer areas with good water flow and access to baitfish. The west coast of Florida snook are well known to be on the beaches most of the summer. These fish can be caught using a variety of techniques from fly fishing, to chunk dead baiting, to artificial lure fishing. East coast of Florida snook love their inlets and dock pilings. This is where a more stout approach becomes necessary.
Snook are opportunistic feeders and will go after a variety of live and artificial baits. Common live baits include pilchards, pinfish, shrimp, croakers, ladyfish and mullet. For artificial baits, try using soft plastic jerk baits, topwater lures, and jigs. The topwater bite can be vicious and addicting should you find some snook willing to play ball with you.
Snook can be wary, so accurate casting is crucial. Work on your casting skills to place the bait near the target area, such as under overhanging mangroves or near structure. These casts need to be far enough away not to spook them, but close enough for them so react to it. Also learning to softly land your casts can be key, preventing spooking the fish.
Snook have sharp eyesight and are easily spooked. Move quietly and avoid making unnecessary noise on the boat or shoreline.
Snook can be elusive and challenging to catch. Don't get discouraged if you don't get a bite right away. Sometimes it takes time to find the right spot and get the snook to bite.
Snook are a prized catch and should be handled carefully. Use wet hands or a wet cloth to handle the fish, and avoid touching their sensitive gill plates. Always practice catch-and-release when fishing for snook, especially if they don't meet the legal size limit.

Catching Tarpon, also known as the "silver king," can be an exhilarating experience for anglers. Tarpon are powerful, acrobatic fish found in warm coastal waters and are known for their impressive size and strength. Here are some tips on how to catch tarpon:

Tarpon can be found in various locations, such as coastal bays, estuaries, and nearshore waters. Research the best tarpon fishing spots in your area or consider hiring a local fishing guide who knows the waters well.
Tarpon fishing is often more successful during specific times of the year when they migrate or congregate for breeding. In many regions, the peak season for tarpon fishing is during spring and summer.
Tarpon are opportunistic feeders and can be enticed by a variety of baits, including live bait such as mullet, crabs, or pinfish. You can also use artificial lures like soft plastics, plugs, and jigs. Make sure to match the bait to the size of the tarpon you are targeting.
Look for rolling or jumping tarpon, indicating their presence near the surface. Cast your bait or lure slightly ahead of the fish and allow it to sink or swim naturally. Tarpon often prefer an easy meal. Many times a cast that is 5ft off the line tarpon are moving on will be too far for them. Tarpon are extremely boat shy, if you have a T-top or your hull is slapping on the waves, this will many times cause tarpon not to bite. Same can be said if you are using a trolling motor, the vibration will alert them to danger as well.
Tarpon can be picky eaters, so be patient and make accurate casts. Avoid making loud noises or sudden movements that might spook them.
When a tarpon takes the bait, wait for a solid pull before setting the hook. Tarpon have bony mouths, so a strong hookset is essential to keep the fish connected to the line. This hook set should be repeated many times to drive the hook as deep into their mouths as possible before the inevitable jumps.
Once hooked, be ready for an intense battle. Tarpon are known for their aerial acrobatics, so brace yourself for powerful leaps and runs. When a Tarpon jumps you will need to "bow to the king" This means pointing your rod at the fish and extending your arms to put slack in the Iine. This will prevent the fish from breaking your line, rod or snapping a hook in half. Keep the line tight and follow the fish's movements to avoid losing it.
Tarpon are a prized gamefish, and many anglers practice catch and release to ensure their conservation and sustainability for future generations. They should also never be removed from the water. Quick accurate pictures are what you are looking for while the fish is boat side. It is actually illegal in Florida to remove a tarpon from the water that is over 40 inches long.

Catching jack crevalle, also known as "jacks" or "toros," can be an exciting and challenging experience for anglers. These powerful and aggressive fish are found in warm coastal waters and are known for their impressive strength and speed. Here are some tips on how to catch jack crevalle:

Jack crevalle are commonly found inshore near beaches, jetties, piers, and around structures like reefs and wrecks. They are also known to inhabit estuaries and brackish waters. Look for schools of jacks chasing baitfish, as this indicates their presence in the area.
Jacks are voracious feeders and will strike a variety of baits and lures. Live bait options include mullet, pilchards, and shrimp. When using artificial lures, opt for large topwater plugs, jigs, spoons, or swimbaits that mimic the appearance of the baitfish they prey on.
If using artificial lures, employ a fast and erratic retrieval to mimic the fleeing movement of baitfish. Jacks are known for their aggressive nature and will often strike at fast-moving prey.
When targeting jack crevalle, look for schools of baitfish or signs of surface activity. Cast your bait or lure into the area where the jacks are feeding.
Once hooked, jack crevalle will put up a fierce fight. They are powerful swimmers and will make strong runs, often peeling line off the reel. Keep the line tight and the rod tip up to avoid getting broken off.
Jack crevalle have abrasive mouths, so avoid using a net to land them, as it can cause harm. Instead, use a strong pair of lip grips or grip the fish gently but firmly around the lower jaw to lift it from the water for quick catch-and-release.
Jack crevalle are not typically sought for their culinary qualities, so many anglers practice catch and release to ensure the conservation of this species and maintain healthy fish populations.

Catching pompano, also known as "Florida pompano," can be a rewarding experience for anglers. These popular saltwater fish are known for their delectable taste and are often found in sandy coastal areas and nearshore waters. Here are some tips on how to catch pompano:

Pompano fishing is generally more productive during their peak season, which varies based on location but is often in the spring and fall. Look for sandy beaches, sandbars, jetties, and areas with clear water and moderate wave action where pompano like to feed.
Pompano are primarily scavengers and feed on small crustaceans, mollusks, and sand fleas (mole crabs). The most popular baits for pompano fishing include live sand fleas, shrimp, clams, and fresh-cut squid.
Pompano rigs are commonly used for targeting these fish. They typically consist of two or more dropper loops with small hooks tied to the main line. Attach a pyramid sinker to the bottom of the rig to keep it in place on the sandy bottom.
Cast your baited rig into the surf and allow it to sink to the bottom. Pompano are often found close to shore in the "surf zone," where waves break onto the beach.
Once you have cast your line, keep it taut and gently jig the rod tip to create some movement in the bait. This action mimics the natural movement of sand fleas and can attract pompano.
Pompano can be skittish, so be patient and wait for them to find your bait. It may take some time for them to locate the scent and begin feeding.
Pompano bites can be subtle, so pay attention to any light taps or slight movements in the line. When you feel a bite, wait for a moment before setting the hook to ensure the fish has taken the bait.
Pompano have a delicate mouth, so use a landing net to bring them ashore gently. If practicing catch-and-release, handle the fish carefully and quickly release them back into the water.

With the right equipment, bait, and a bit of patience, you can increase your chances of catching pompano and enjoy the thrill of reeling in these delectable fish.

Catching a Permit, also known as "Palometa" or "Palometta," can be a challenging yet rewarding experience for anglers. Permit are highly prized gamefish found in warm, tropical waters, often near reefs, wrecks, and flats. Here are some tips on how to catch a permit:

Permit are commonly found in the waters of the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean. Look for areas with healthy seagrass beds, flats, and channels near coral reefs. The best time to target permit is during their spawning season, which varies depending on the location, but typically occurs during spring and summer.
Permit are known for their finicky nature and can be selective eaters. They primarily feed on crustaceans, small crabs, shrimp, and small baitfish. Live crabs, especially small blue crabs and pass crabs are often the best choice for bait. When using lures, opt for small crab imitations, shrimp patterns, or soft plastics that mimic the movements of their natural prey.
Cast your bait or lure near the permit, leading the fish slightly, and let it settle to the bottom. Permit use their keen sense of smell to locate prey, so try to keep the presentation as natural as possible.
Permit fishing can require patience and precise casting. Be ready to make accurate casts to visible fish, and be prepared for multiple attempts before getting a bite.
Look for schools or individuals tailing or finning on the surface, as this behavior indicates feeding permit. Keep a keen eye on the water and watch for any movement or signs of disturbance.
Permit can be easily spooked, so approach them quietly and avoid making sudden movements or loud noises that might scare them away.
When you feel a strike or see the fish take the bait, wait for a moment before setting the hook. Permit have hard mouths, and a solid hookset is crucial to keep them connected to the line.
Once hooked, permit are incredibly powerful and will make long, strong runs. Be prepared for an intense battle, and be sure to maintain steady pressure on the fish.
Permit are a valuable and highly-regarded species, and many anglers practice catch and release to preserve their population and ensure their conservation for future generations.

Catching cobia, also known as "ling" or "lemonfish," can be an exciting and rewarding experience for anglers. These strong and powerful fish are found in warm coastal waters, often near structures like reefs, wrecks, buoys, and floating debris. Here are some tips on how to catch cobia:

Cobia can be found in both nearshore and offshore waters. They are migratory fish and often follow the warmer currents. Look for them around structures like buoys, shipwrecks, oil rigs, and floating debris, as they like to seek shelter and food in these areas.
Cobia are opportunistic feeders and will eat a variety of baits. Live baits such as small fish (like pinfish or mullet), eels, or crabs are effective choices. Additionally, artificial lures like bucktail jigs, swimbaits, and soft plastics can be successful.
If allowed and appropriate for the location, chumming can be effective when targeting cobia. Chum with cut bait or fish parts to attract them closer to your fishing spot.
Cobia are known for being curious and sometimes swim near the surface. When sight fishing, look for the cobia's dark, elongated body and distinctive white lateral stripe. Once spotted, cast your bait or lure in front of the fish to entice a strike.
If cobia are not visible near the surface, try bottom fishing near structures and wrecks. Drop your bait down and wait for the fish to pick up the scent.
Cobia fishing can require patience, as these fish may not always be easily found. Stay alert and be prepared for sudden opportunities.
Cobia are known for their strong and acrobatic fights. When hooked, they may make powerful runs and sudden changes in direction. Keep a tight line and be prepared to adjust your drag accordingly.
Use a gaff or a landing net to bring the cobia on board, as they can be heavy and difficult to lift by hand. Handle the fish with care, avoiding the sharp gill plates and spines.

Catching tripletail, also known as "blackfish" or "triple tail fish," can be a rewarding experience for anglers. These peculiar-looking fish are found in warm coastal waters and are known for their ability to float near the surface, often close to floating structures like buoys, crab traps, or debris. Here are some tips on how to catch tripletail:

Tripletail are often seen "sunbathing" at the surface, floating on their sides near floating objects. Keep an eye out for their dark, triangular shape, which resembles a floating leaf or piece of debris. Their coloration helps them blend in with the surroundings, so spotting them can be a bit challenging. Triple tail fishing is best in the cooler months when the water temps are between 65-74 degrees. Look for crab traps on the surface and start checking them for triple tail. Most fish will be at the surface or up to 2ft under.
Tripletail are opportunistic feeders and will eat a variety of baits. Live bait such as shrimp or small fish (like pinfish or pilchards) is effective. They are also known to take artificial lures, such as shrimp-imitating soft plastics or small jigs.
Tripletail can be skittish, so approach them carefully and avoid making loud noises that might scare them away.
Once you spot a tripletail near the surface, carefully cast your bait or lure just beyond its location and retrieve it slowly, allowing the offering to drift naturally towards the fish.
Tripletail may not always strike immediately. If you see the fish turn towards your bait or show interest, give it a moment before initiating the hookset.
Tripletail are strong fighters and can put up quite a battle once hooked. Be ready for sudden runs and acrobatic jumps.
Use a landing net or a gaff to bring the tripletail on board, as they can be quite heavy and difficult to lift by hand. Triple tail are notorious for hurting anglers so please be careful when handling them.
While tripletail are considered good eating, many anglers practice catch and release to ensure their conservation and preserve the fishery for the future.

Catching black drum can be a rewarding experience for anglers, as these powerful fish are known for their size and strength. They are often found in coastal waters, estuaries, and around structures like docks, jetties, and bridges. Here are some tips on how to catch black drum:

Black drum are primarily bottom feeders and feed on a variety of crustaceans, mollusks, and small fish. Popular baits for black drum include shrimp, crab, clams, and cut bait (like mullet or squid). Live or fresh dead baits are typically more effective. For the largest black drum, using half of a large blue crab would prove to be their favorite.
Use a Carolina rig or a fish finder rig when fishing for black drum. These rigs allow your bait to sit on the bottom while keeping it mobile enough to attract the fish. Use a weight heavy enough to hold your bait on the bottom, but not so heavy that it gets buried in the mud.
Look for areas with muddy or sandy bottoms, as black drum like to feed in these environments. They are often found near oyster beds, jetties, pilings, and other structures where they can find food.
Black drum can be skittish, so approach your fishing spot quietly and avoid making loud noises that might scare them away. Be patient and wait for the fish to find your bait.
Black drum are known to feed more actively during incoming and outgoing tides. Consider the tide schedule when planning your fishing trip.
When you feel a bite, wait a moment before setting the hook. Black drum can be slow and deliberate when eating, so give them time to fully take the bait before setting the hook.
Once hooked, black drum will use their size and strength to put up a powerful fight. Be prepared for strong runs and long battles.
Use a landing net to bring the black drum on board, especially if it's a larger specimen. Be cautious when handling the fish, as they have sharp spines and can be challenging to control.

Catching sheepshead can be a fun and rewarding experience for anglers. These saltwater fish are known for their distinctive black and white stripes, sharp teeth, and delicious white meat. They are often found near structures like pilings, jetties, docks, and reefs. Here are some tips on how to catch sheepshead:

Sheepshead are primarily shellfish eaters and feed on crustaceans like crabs, barnacles, and shrimp. The best baits for sheepshead include live or fresh dead shrimp, fiddler crabs, sand fleas, and oysters. Use small hooks (size 1 to 2) to match the size of the bait.
Rig a Carolina rig or a fish finder rig with a small sinker to keep your bait near the bottom. Use a fluorocarbon leader to reduce visibility and make your presentation more natural.
Look for areas with structure and plenty of barnacles, oysters, or pilings, as these are prime locations for sheepshead. They prefer to feed around hard structures where they can find their favorite foods.
Sheepshead can be finicky eaters, so be patient and pay attention to subtle bites. When you feel a slight tap or see the line twitch, set the hook with a quick but gentle motion.
Sheepshead fishing is often more successful during the cooler months, as they are more active in cooler water temperatures.
Sheepshead are more active during incoming and outgoing tides when they can find an abundance of food moving in the water.
Sheepshead have strong spines and sharp gill plates, so handle them with care. Use a landing net to bring them on board and avoid getting pricked

Offshore Species of Fish

We will now begin talking about offshore fishing and bottom fishing offshore.

Catching a gag grouper can be an exciting experience for anglers, as these large and powerful fish are known for their hard fights and delicious meat. Gag grouper are found in the warm waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, often near rocky reefs, wrecks, and ledges. Here are some tips on how to catch a gag grouper:

Use heavy-duty fishing tackle to handle the strength of gag grouper. A sturdy rod (around 6 to 7 feet) paired with a reel capable of holding a significant amount of line is recommended. Spool your reel with 40 to 80-pound test braided line or monofilament. Since grouper are often found near structure, it's essential to have strong gear to prevent them from running into obstacles and breaking off.
Gag grouper are opportunistic feeders and will eat a variety of live and dead baits. Popular baits include live pinfish, grunts, and pilchards, as well as dead baits like squid, cut fish, sardines, thread fin and mullet. Use large baits to attract larger grouper.
Use a heavy-duty fish-finder rig or Carolina rig to present your bait near the bottom where grouper often feed. Attach a strong fluorocarbon leader to your mainline to prevent the grouper from breaking it off on sharp rocks or structure. 60lb would be light here, so 80-100 is recommended.
Gag grouper are bottom-dwellers and prefer rocky reefs, ledges, and wrecks where they can find shelter and ambush their prey. Use a fishfinder or nautical chart to locate potential fishing spots with underwater structure.
Gag grouper can be caught year-round, but they are more active during warmer months. Consider fishing during the spring and fall when grouper are more likely to be in shallower waters.
Fishing for grouper requires patience, as they may not always bite immediately. Spend enough time in each fishing spot and be prepared to wait for the grouper to find your bait.
When you feel a bite or see your rod tip indicating a strike, set the hook with a strong and deliberate motion. Gag grouper have thick, bony mouths, so a firm hookset is essential to secure the catch.
Once hooked, gag grouper will put up a powerful fight, trying to dive into the structure to break free. Be prepared for strong runs and heavy resistance.
Use a gaff or a sturdy landing net to bring the grouper on board once you've successfully fought it to the surface. Exercise caution when handling the fish, as their sharp spines can cause injury.
Always adhere to local fishing regulations, size limits, and bag limits to protect the grouper population and support sustainable fishing practices.

Catching a gag grouper requires skill, strength, and determination, but the satisfaction of landing one of these impressive fish is well worth the effort. Enjoy the challenge and excitement of grouper fishing while respecting the environment and the fishery.

Catching Goliath grouper can be an incredibly challenging and thrilling experience for anglers. Goliath grouper, also known as "Jewfish," are massive fish found in the warm waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. Due to their protected status in many areas, they are generally considered a catch-and-release species. However, here are some tips for anglers who encounter these impressive fish:

Goliath grouper are large and powerful predators, and getting too close to them can be dangerous for both the angler and the fish. Admire them from a distance and avoid disturbing them.
Goliath grouper can grow to immense sizes, often weighing hundreds of pounds. If you're targeting them for catch-and-release, use heavy-duty fishing gear with high-test braided line and strong, sturdy rods and reels.
Goliath grouper are opportunistic feeders and will eat a variety of large live or dead baits. Common baits include large fish (like mullet or jacks) or even whole stingrays or large chunks of baitfish. Make sure to use appropriate tackle to handle such big baits.
When targeting Goliath grouper, anchor your boat near structures like wrecks, artificial reefs, or large rock formations, where they are commonly found. Goliath grouper prefer areas with plenty of structure to seek shelter and ambush prey.
Catching Goliath grouper can be a waiting game, as they may take their time investigating your bait. Be patient and allow them time to find the offering.
When a Goliath grouper takes the bait, it's essential to set the hook quickly and firmly. Once hooked, they will put up an intense fight, so be prepared for a challenging battle.
Goliath grouper are protected in many areas, and it's crucial to follow local fishing regulations. Catch-and-release is often required, and intentionally targeting these fish in certain regions may be prohibited.
If you do catch a Goliath grouper, practice catch-and-release with extreme care. Avoid lifting the fish out of the water or causing any harm to it during the release process. Also many grouper caught in deeper waters will need to be vented so they can swim back down.

Remember that Goliath grouper are protected and considered a vulnerable species in many places, which means preserving their populations is of utmost importance. Respect the environment and the fish by being an ethical angler and practicing responsible fishing practices. If you have the opportunity to encounter these majestic creatures, take the time to appreciate their beauty and power from a distance.

Catching snapper can be a rewarding experience for anglers, as these fish are not only fun to catch but also highly prized for their delicious taste. Snapper species can be found in various saltwater environments, from shallow reefs and wrecks to deeper offshore waters. Here are some tips on how to catch snapper:

Different snapper species inhabit different environments. Research the type of snapper you want to catch and find out where they are most abundant. Look for rocky reefs, wrecks, ledges, bridges, and other structures where snapper like to hide and feed. These fish typically need some structure to hide on.
Snapper are opportunistic feeders and will eat a variety of baits. Live baits like shrimp, pilchards, and pinfish work well, as do cut baits like squid, mullet, or other small fish. Use fresh, high-quality bait to increase your chances of attracting snapper. Most snappers are able to be chummed up to the surface, using high quality chum with a menhaden oil such as Tournament Green or Blue Label chum will help them come up. Wait to fish until the chum slick has taken hold. Also be aware that too much chumming may bring predators over. Monitor your chum bag and add more as necessary.
Use a fish-finder rig or a Carolina rig with a sinker to keep your bait near the bottom. Attach a fluorocarbon leader to your mainline to reduce visibility and make your presentation more natural. If you are chumming, small pieces of shrimp on a small number 1 or 2 hook with 20lb fluorocarbon will do the trick. You can also use yellowtail jigs which have a very light weight to them with shrimp.
Snapper are more active during low-light periods, such as dawn and dusk. However, they can be caught throughout the day, especially when feeding is more aggressive.
Snapper can be cautious and may take some time to approach your bait. Be patient and allow them to find and investigate the offering.
When you feel a bite or see your rod tip indicating a strike, set the hook with a quick and firm motion. Snapper have relatively bony mouths, so a solid hookset is essential to secure the catch.
Once hooked, snapper will put up a good fight, especially larger specimens. Be prepared for strong runs and determined resistance.
Different snapper species have size and bag limits, so be sure to know and adhere to local fishing regulations to protect the fishery and ensure sustainable fishing.
If you catch a snapper that you plan to keep, handle it with care to avoid injuring the fish or yourself. Use a net or a lip grip to lift the snapper onboard gently.

Catching king mackerel, also known as "kingfish," can be an exciting and challenging experience for anglers. These fast and powerful fish are found in warm coastal waters and are known for their aggressive strikes and acrobatic fights. Here are some tips on how to catch king mackerel:

King mackerel are commonly found in offshore waters, nearshore reefs, wrecks, and around structures like buoys and piers. Look for areas with plenty of baitfish activity, as king mackerel are often found where their prey is abundant. Should you come up to an area where you have caught king mackerel previously and there are no signs of bait fish, I would leave.
Consider using a wire leader to prevent the sharp teeth of king mackerel from cutting through the line. You can use single piano strand or multi strand wire, there are different rigging techniques for each one, I will share those with videos.
King mackerel are voracious feeders and will strike a variety of baits and lures. Popular live baits include thread fin, ladyfish, big pilchards, menhaden, mullet, sardines, and cigar minnows. When using lures, opt for brightly colored spoons, plugs, or artificial baitfish imitations.
Trolling is a common method for targeting king mackerel. Use downriggers or planers to keep your baits at different depths while moving the boat at a slow to moderate speed. Trolling allows you to cover a larger area and increase your chances of encountering a kingfish. When fishing for large king mackerel using a technique called bump trolling will help you catch the big one. This is when you troll 1.5-2.5mph.
If using artificial lures, employ a fast and erratic retrieval to mimic the swift movement of fleeing baitfish, which can trigger a king mackerel's predatory instincts.
King mackerel are known for their blistering strikes, so be ready for sudden and aggressive hits on your bait or lure.
Once hooked, king mackerel will make powerful runs and leaps, so be prepared to manage the line and reel accordingly. Keep the line tight to avoid slack and potential escapes.
Use a gaff or a landing net to bring the king mackerel on board. Exercise caution when handling the fish, as their sharp teeth and spines can cause injury.

Catching Tuna can be an exhilarating and rewarding experience for anglers. Tuna are powerful and fast-swimming fish found in both offshore and nearshore waters around the world. Here are some tips on how to catch tuna:

Tuna are migratory fish and can be found in various locations depending on the species and time of year. Look for areas with an abundance of baitfish, such as schools of small fish, squid, or flying fish. Tuna are often found near underwater structures, floating debris, and areas where warm and cold currents meet. These factors make it relatively difficult to locate tuna. Once found, its not hard to get one on the line but due to their migratory nature, it can be hard to find. Locating underwater humps and ridges are places where currents rip up to the surface pushing bait fish up with the current making it an easy target for tuna.
Trolling is a popular method for catching tuna. Use a variety of lures, such as skirted trolling baits, feathers, or diving plugs, to imitate the tuna's natural prey. Trolling allows you to cover a large area and increase your chances of encountering tuna.
If you have access to live bait, such as small fish or squid, use it to attract tuna. Slow-troll or drift live baits around the target area to entice the tuna to strike. Chumming those live baits can bring tuna up to the surface allowing you to pitch baits to them.
Chumming can be effective for attracting tuna to your fishing area. Use chunks of baitfish or fish oil to create a scent trail and draw tuna closer to your boat.
Tuna are known for their rapid and aggressive strikes. When you see tuna breaking the surface or attacking baitfish, be prepared for quick and decisive action.
When you feel a strike, set the hook with a strong and swift motion. Tuna have tough mouths, so a solid hookset is essential to keep them on the line.
Once hooked, tuna will make powerful runs and show incredible stamina. Keep the rod tip up and maintain steady pressure on the fish. Be prepared for long, intense battles.

Catching mahi-mahi, also known as dorado or dolphinfish, can be an exciting and rewarding experience for anglers. These colorful and acrobatic fish are found in warm waters around the world and are known for their vibrant appearance and strong fighting abilities. Here are some tips on how to catch mahi-mahi:

Mahi-mahi often gather around floating objects like seaweed patches, logs, buoys, and other debris. These objects create an ecosystem that attracts small fish and crustaceans, which, in turn, draw in the mahi-mahi. Keep an eye out for any floating debris while out on the water. Once located debris search the water for mahi or troll around it.
Trolling is one of the most common methods for catching mahi-mahi. Use a variety of lures, such as skirted trolling baits, diving plugs, and artificial baitfish, to imitate their natural prey. Troll at various speeds and depths to find what works best on that particular day.
If you have access to live bait, such as small fish or squid, use it to attract mahi-mahi. Slow-troll or drift live baits near the floating debris or around underwater structures to entice the fish to strike.
Chumming can be effective for attracting mahi-mahi to your fishing area. Use small pieces of cut bait or fish oil to create a scent trail and draw the fish closer to your boat.
If you hook a small mahi and see more in the area, leave that first fish on the line near the boat and hook another one. Bring the first one in the boat and leave the second one near the boat. Keep repeating this process, if you bring the first one out of the water the whole school will leave. Mahi will not leave one of their schoolies so that trick will help you keep them near the boat. The larger mahi called bulls, just get them in the boat, in the fish box as fast as possible.
Mahi-mahi are known for their quick and aggressive strikes. When you see them darting around the boat or following the lures, be prepared for swift and decisive action.
When you feel a strike or see a mahi-mahi going after your bait, set the hook with a strong and swift motion. Mahi-mahi have tough mouths, so a solid hookset is crucial to keep them on the line.
Once hooked, mahi-mahi will put up an acrobatic fight, making aerial jumps and strong runs. Keep the rod tip up and maintain steady pressure on the fish. Be prepared for exciting battles.
Mahi-mahi can be large and heavy, so using a large landing net is often the best way to bring them onboard once you've successfully fought them to the boat.
Mahi-mahi are delicate fish, and their vibrant colors can fade quickly if not handled properly. Use wet hands or a wet cloth when handling them to preserve their appearance.

Catching sailfish can be an exhilarating and challenging experience for anglers. These fast and acrobatic fish are known for their majestic dorsal fin, which resembles a sail. Sailfish are found in warm ocean waters and are highly prized by sport fishermen for their fighting abilities and striking appearance. Here are some tips on how to catch sailfish:

Sailfish are typically found in offshore waters, close to the continental shelf, where the water is deep and abundant with baitfish. Look for areas with temperature breaks and current edges, as sailfish often congregate in these zones. Many times on the East coast of Florida several boats will be in the sailfish zone which many times is between 100-120ft of water in the gulf stream. You can locate groups of boats trolling and drifting baits to find these fish.
Sailfish are predatory fish and will strike a variety of baits and lures. Live baits such as ballyhoo, pilchards, and threadfin herring are popular choices. Artificial lures like skirted trolling baits, feathers, and surface poppers can also be effective.
Trolling is a common method for targeting sailfish. Use outriggers to spread out multiple lines and cover a larger area. Troll at varying speeds and depths to find what works best on that particular day.
Sailfish can be elusive, so be patient and keep a close eye on the water for signs of activity, such as jumping fish or birds diving on bait schools.
When you see a sailfish striking your bait or lure, wait for the line to come tight before setting the hook with a quick and strong motion. Avoid jerking the rod too early, as sailfish have bony mouths, and a solid hookset is essential for a successful catch.
Sailfish are known for their impressive jumps and powerful runs. Keep the rod tip up and maintain steady pressure on the fish while allowing it to make its runs. Be prepared for an exciting and sometimes prolonged fight.
Circle hooks are often recommended for sailfish fishing, as they tend to hook the fish in the corner of the mouth, reducing the risk of deep hooking and increasing the chances of a safe release.
Sailfish are a protected species in many areas, and many anglers practice catch and release to support conservation efforts and maintain sustainable fishing practices. A quick release is necessary to ensure the safety of these fish, they are preyed upon heavily by sharks in many areas.

Catching barracuda can be an exciting and challenging experience for anglers. Barracuda are aggressive predators found in warm coastal waters and are known for their sharp teeth and fast swimming. Here are some tips on how to catch barracuda:

Barracuda are often found near reefs, wrecks, and other underwater structures where they can ambush their prey. Look for areas with clear water and plenty of baitfish activity, as barracuda are attracted to areas with abundant food sources.
Consider using a wire leader to prevent the barracuda's sharp teeth from cutting through the line.
Barracuda are opportunistic feeders and will strike a variety of baits and lures. Popular live baits include small fish such as pilchards, ballyhoo, and mullet. Artificial lures such as spoons, plugs, and flashy swimbaits can also be effective. Cuda Tubes are also a very popular and functional bait.
When using artificial lures, retrieve them at a fast and erratic pace to mimic the quick movements of fleeing baitfish. Barracuda are attracted to fast-moving prey.
Barracuda are known for their curiosity and may follow a lure or bait without striking. If you notice a barracuda following your presentation, speed up the retrieval to trigger a strike. Slowing down doesn't usually get the strike.
When you feel a strike or see a barracuda attacking your bait, set the hook with a quick and firm motion. Barracuda have tough mouths, so a solid hookset is essential to keep them on the line.
Once hooked, barracuda will make powerful runs and leaps. Keep the rod tip up and maintain steady pressure on the fish. Be cautious when handling barracuda, as their sharp teeth can cause injury.
Barracuda can be aggressive and unpredictable when brought close to the boat. Use a landing net to bring them onboard safely, and avoid handling them near the head where their sharp teeth are located.
Barracuda are an important part of the marine ecosystem and are often released by anglers to support conservation efforts and maintain the balance of the fishery.

Catching hogfish can be a fun and rewarding experience for anglers. Hogfish are colorful and delicious fish found in warm coastal waters, often near reefs and rocky bottoms. Here are some tips on how to catch hogfish:

Hogfish are commonly found around coral reefs, rocky ledges, wrecks, and other structures. They are bottom-dwellers and prefer habitats with plenty of hiding spots and access to their favorite foods, such as crustaceans and small fish.
Hogfish are fond of crustaceans, especially shrimp and crabs. Live or fresh dead shrimp are excellent choices for hogfish bait. Fiddler crabs and sand fleas can also be effective when available.
Use a basic fish-finder rig or Carolina rig to present your bait near the bottom. Hogfish feed close to the substrate, so keeping your bait near the reef or rocky structure is essential.
Hogfish can be skittish, so approach your fishing spot quietly and avoid sudden movements that might scare them away. Be patient and wait for the hogfish to find your bait.
Hogfish are more active during the day, especially in the early morning and late afternoon. Consider planning your fishing trip during these times for better chances of success.
When you feel a bite, wait for the hogfish to take the bait fully before setting the hook with a gentle but firm motion. Hogfish have small mouths, and a quick, violent hookset may cause the bait to be pulled away.
Once hooked, hogfish can put up a surprising fight for their size. Keep the line tight and avoid allowing them to swim back into the reef or structure, as they may try to break free. Having moderate to light drag will help you land these fish.

Catching sharks can be an exhilarating and challenging experience for anglers. Sharks are powerful predators found in both saltwater and freshwater environments worldwide. Here are some tips on how to catch sharks:

Shark fishing can be dangerous, especially when dealing with larger species. Always prioritize safety by using heavy-duty fishing gear, keeping a safe distance from the shark, and using caution when handling the fish.
Before shark fishing, familiarize yourself with local fishing regulations, size limits, and bag limits. Some shark species are protected, and there may be specific rules regarding their catch and release.
Use strong fishing tackle capable of handling the power of a shark. A heavy-duty rod and reel with a strong drag system and high-test braided line are essential for shark fishing.
Sharks are opportunistic feeders and will eat a variety of baits. Use oily and bloody baits like whole fish (mackerel, bluefish, bonito) or large chunks of cut fish. Some anglers also use chum to attract sharks to the fishing area.
Use a wire leader or a heavy monofilament leader to prevent the shark from biting through the line. Sharks have sharp teeth that can easily cut through standard fishing lines.
Anchor your boat near a known shark hotspot, such as an underwater reef or a deep channel, and suspend your bait at different depths using a balloon or a float to keep the bait away from the bottom and attract sharks from various water columns.
Shark fishing often requires patience, as sharks may take time to locate and strike the bait. Be prepared to wait for an extended period to increase your chances of success.
When you feel a shark biting, give it some time to take the bait fully before setting the hook with a strong and swift motion.
Once hooked, be prepared for a powerful fight from the shark. Keep the rod tip up and maintain steady pressure on the fish to tire it out gradually.
If you plan to release the shark, handle it with care to avoid injuring the fish or yourself. Use long-handled pliers or a dehooking tool to remove the hook safely.
When releasing the shark, ensure it is fully revived and able to swim away on its own before letting it go.
If you are new to shark fishing, consider going with experienced anglers or chartering a shark fishing trip to learn the best practices and techniques.

Catching Spanish mackerel can be a fun and rewarding experience for anglers. These fast and aggressive fish are found in warm coastal waters and are known for their acrobatic jumps and blistering runs. Here are some tips on how to catch Spanish mackerel:

Spanish mackerel are commonly found near the surface in nearshore waters, around jetties, piers, inlets, and along the beaches. Look for areas with clear water and visible baitfish activity, as Spanish mackerel often feed on schools of small fish.
Use light to medium spinning tackle. A 6 to 7-foot rod paired with a reel spooled with 10 to 20-pound test line is suitable for Spanish mackerel fishing. You can also use wire leaders to prevent the mackerel's sharp teeth from cutting through the line.
Spanish mackerel are voracious feeders and will strike a variety of baits and lures. Popular lures include spoons, plugs, and flashy artificial baitfish imitations. If using natural bait, small live fish such as pilchards, herring, or shrimp can be effective. Be sure to use long shank "J" hooks to prevent their teeth from cutting your line. It is not necessary to use wire leader when fishing for them if you are using long shank hooks.
When using lures, retrieve them at a fast and steady pace to mimic the quick movements of fleeing baitfish. Spanish mackerel are attracted to fast-moving prey.
Keep an eye out for diving birds, as they often indicate the presence of feeding Spanish mackerel below. Seabirds like seagulls and pelicans are known to feed on the same baitfish that Spanish mackerel are targeting.
Spanish mackerel can be skittish, so approach your fishing spot quietly and avoid making loud noises that might scare them away.
When you feel a strike or see a Spanish mackerel chasing your lure, set the hook with a quick and firm motion. Spanish mackerel have tough mouths, so a solid hookset is crucial to keep them on the line.
Once hooked, Spanish mackerel will make powerful runs and leaps. Keep the rod tip up and maintain steady pressure on the fish while allowing it to make its runs.

Catching Wahoo can be an exciting and challenging experience for anglers. Wahoo are powerful and fast-swimming fish found in warm ocean waters around the world. They are known for their impressive speed and aggressive strikes. Here are some tips on how to catch wahoo:

Wahoo are often found in offshore waters, typically near underwater structures such as reefs, ledges, drop-offs, and temperature breaks. They are known to follow schools of baitfish, so look for areas with an abundance of baitfish activity.
Use heavy-duty fishing tackle to handle the speed and strength of wahoo. A sturdy 6 to 7-foot rod paired with a high-quality conventional reel is recommended. Spool your reel with a strong braided line, at least 50 to 80-pound test, and use a heavy wire leader to prevent the wahoo's sharp teeth from cutting through the line.
Wahoo are voracious predators and will strike a variety of baits and lures. Popular lures for wahoo include high-speed trolling lures, such as jet-head lures, diving plugs, and flashy artificial baitfish imitations. For natural bait, use large swimming baits like bonito, mullet, or rigged ballyhoo.
Wahoo are known for their preference for fast-moving prey. Trolling at high speeds (10 to 18 knots) with the appropriate lures can be very effective for catching wahoo.
Wahoo are more active during low-light periods, such as dawn and dusk. However, they can be caught throughout the day, especially when feeding is more aggressive.
Wahoo strikes are often sudden and explosive, so be prepared for quick and decisive action. Pay attention to the appearance of "wahoo birds" (a group of birds flying close to the water surface), as they can indicate the presence of feeding wahoo.
Once hooked, wahoo will make blistering runs and display their incredible speed and power. Keep the rod tip up and maintain steady pressure on the fish to tire it out gradually.
Wahoo can be large and heavy, so use a gaff to bring them onboard once you've successfully fought them to the surface.

Catch and Release

While many people view saltwater fishing as a way to catch your dinner, it isn't always about that. There are many species of fish that are prized for their game value and not their meat. I am not saying that all fishing should be catch and release, but with the popularity of saltwater fishing, this is a resource that should be managed. If we don't manage it effectively it will be gone. There are many places around the US that have not put the effort out to properly manage the harvesting of fish and their populations have decreased substantially. Lets look at a couple of cases where (oddly) more control could have better outcomes. First is where I fish every day, Clearwater Florida. Clearwater is a travelers paradise, with its cool white sand beaches and warm Gulf of Mexico water, it offers something for everyone. Years ago when I started guiding, it wasn't uncommon to catch 20 redfish in a day. It was rather easy if I'm being honest. Now if you get 2 or 3 you have had a fantastic day. Environmental factors such as red tide and pollution dumps have contributed to this problem, but now we have so very few snook and redfish its pretty pathetic. Also Florida Wildlife Control leaves some of these fish open for harvest, showing they have no clue what's going on in the water. To this day on my guide service, I have yet to harvest a snook or redfish. Just because something is legal doesn't make it right. Another example is the excellent fishing of Venice LA. While many consider it to be the redfish and tuna capital of the world, it will succumb to lack of control in the years approaching. With many anglers killing limits of fish instead of taking what they need is just ruining fishing for all of us. With the invention of the cell phone and radio, fishing has become easier and more accessible to people. Now in the Atlantic Ocean we are seeing a severe decline in the Mahi population because everyone can share locations of where the fish are with anyone they want. While this type of cooperative working is excellent, being respectful of our resource is more important. Everyone should consider local environments before heading out on the day. Ask a local guide what he/she thinks of the populations of fish in the area and take a tip from them. We use circle hooks when we fish to make sure we have less fish "gut" or swallow the hook. This ensures a safe release for the future. I've caught the same redfish 3 times in a week. You can't tell me there isn't a an issue when this kind of catch happens. Just some food for thought. Be sure to properly revive your fish before release, also be aware of any predators like dolphins or sharks that may be lurking near your boat. I routinely put red fish and snook in my live well and drive away from dolphins to ensure a safe release. These practices should be taken seriously by all anglers. Certain species of fish are in plentiful abundance, ask a local resource what those are so we can all do our part of help the environment.

Rules and Conservation Practices

Some of this may sound like rhetoric but I can tell you, regulations change at the drop of a hat and no officer will have tolerance for ignorance. As much as I am on the water, I can tell you stores about how regulations change and a day later you could be in trouble for keeping a certain fish. My BEST recommendation is to download an app called "Fish Rules" this app takes into consideration your location and lets you know what the rules are for your exact location. Many places along the coast of Florida have different regulations for different zones, those zones can be a county line and on the water those lines are not marked. You could be one foot inside of a county line and have different regulation for different fish. Also there are separate regulations for state vs federal waters. On the Gulf coast of Florida that country line is at 9 miles. Now on the Atlantic coast, that boundary is at 3 miles. Please let me repeat, officers have zero tolerance for ignorance. Fishing licenses are required and can be purchased on your states app. Ours is called FWC APP. That way you always have proof of license on you.

In conclusion, ignorance is not an excuse. Download the apps you need - FISH RULES - is probably the best app you can get for regulations per species.

Conservations Practices

Over the course of time we have had an impact on our environments. Its important that we preserve our coastlines, estuaries and waterways so that future generations can enjoy them. Practice safe fish handling skills, obey no wake zones, avoid prop scars at all costs and don't litter are some basic principals to live by when on the water. Make sure we all do our part to help clean up as well. We always find mylar balloons offshore when we go out and pick them up so sea turtles don't mistake them for food. When I talk about prop scars, that is running your boat over sea grass in too shallow of water, there are many areas that are "internal combustion motor" exclusion zones, this means no gas powered motors, because they damage the sea grass. In many areas where there is healthy sea grass the water quality is extremely high, this is because the grass is natural filtration for the water cleaning it of any sediment that is floating. This is why "Clearwater" no longer has "Clear Water". There are organizations such as "Captains For Clean Water" that help in promoting and using not for profit funds to ensure water quality around the state of Florida. The main issue that we face in Florida is the natural flow of water from Lake Okechobee into the Everglades which act as a natural filter for all the fresh water that flows into Florida. Prior to the Cuban Missile Crisis we used to import our sugar from Cuba. After the trade embargo was placed upon Cuba we had to domestically produce our sugar. The land south of lake O was cheap and a levee was built around the southern end of the lake to prevent water flow to the new sugar cane fields. When that happened the use of fertilizer went up and all of that run off ended up in lake O creating an alge called Blue Green Alge. Sugar companies will no longer allow water from lake O to flow south so now we pump our water out the St. Lucie and Caloosahatche river on either coast of Florida, sending this Blue Green Alge into the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. The bacteria that is "Red Tide" feeds off of the Blue Green Alge and causes blooms of red tide to decrease the oxygen levels in salt water, thus killing droves of fish and wildlife. We have many issues that plague our water and dumping harmful chemicals into them is the tip of the ugly iceberg we face. Each angler and support local groups or larger groups in Florida with a small donation that would greatly help. I would encourage anyone who fishes here to do so. Along with water quality issues we also face issues with anglers not handling fish appropriately. If you are chasing fish to catch and release you should consider that these fish need their bellies supported when taking photos out of the water. They weight 3-4x their wet weight out of water and they have delicate body systems that can be damaged from mis handling. With that comes talking about Tarpon. Tarpon should never be removed from the water, unless they are under 40 inches long. This isn't a recommendation, this is a LAW. Get in the water if you must with your fish to get a picture of a big on, hold it along side the boat for a quick pic, but please make sure you revive the fish until it is strong enough to swim away on its own. Offshore fishing poses its own set of challenge including fish that need venting and utilization of descending devices to ensure a safe return to the water. At the time of me writing this all groupers are closed for harvest, which means during our American Red Snapper season we can't keep Red or Gag Groupers. These are common by catches while we are out deep for big snappers. When those fish are brought up from deep waters their air bladders burst out of their mouthes creating a situation where they cannot safety return to the bottom. FWC has implemented a law where a vessel fishing in federal waters for bottom fish must carry a descending tool and a venting device to allow safe release of the bottom fish that aren't allowed to be kept. These two tools can be purchased at most bait and tackle stores and you can get fined if you don't have them on your vessel. This is an excellent way to show respect for the resource that is our fishery.